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Computer Abbreviation

Topic Outline Introduction to computer abbreviation Abbreviation of system unit component Abbreviation of storage devices Abbreviation of input and output devices Abbreviation of data communication and computer network Abbreviation of Programming Languages Abbreviation of Operating System and Networks In this lecture, we will discuss the different Computer Abbreviations. Introduction to Computer & Information technology Abbreviation Full-Form 1 Computer Common Operating Machine Particularly Used for Technological and Education Research 2 IPC Information Processing Cycle 3 IT Information Technology 4 PC Personal Computer 5 CPU Central Processing Unit 6 USB Universal Serial Bus 7 ENIAC Electronical Numerical Integrator and Calculator 8 EDVAC Electronic Discrete Variable Autom...

Transport Layer

Topic Outline Transport Layer TCP Function of TCP UDP Difference between TCP and UDP Transport Layer The Transport layer is essentially responsible for delivering data to the appropriate application on the host computer. It receives requests from the application layer protocols and passes them down to the internet network layer. Two most commonly used transport layer protocols are the connection TCP and connection UDP. TCP Transmission Control Protocol End to End communication for user processes. Processes can communicate in a simple stream of binary data. Each byte of data will arrive in the order it was sent. If some part of the data cannot be received this will be made explicit by an error being passed to the user code. Functions of TCP (1) Data Transfer TCP transfer a continuous stream of bytes. TCP itself decides how to segment the data and it may forward the data at its own convenience. (2) Reliability TCP assigns a sequence number to each byte transmitted and ...

Introduction to Database

Topic Outline Introduction to Database Types of Data Metadata Components of Database Environment Application Program Range of Database applications Types of Users Types of Data Different types of data are as follow: Numeric Data It consists of numeric digits from 0 to 9 like 22, 58, 1123, or -123. The numeric data may be, either positive or negative. Alphabetic Data It consists of alphabetic letters from A to Z, a to z, and blank spaces. For example, "Computer", "Software", "IT", and "Automata" etc. Image Data Image data includes graphs, pictures, drawings,, and charts. Image data is more comprehensive. Alphanumeric Data It consists of numeric digits (0 to 9) , letters (A- to Z) and all special characters (+, -, @, $, #) etc. Audio Data This data includes music, speech, and any type of sound. Video Data This data is a set of full-motion images played at a high speed. It is used to display actions and movement. Metadata The metadata can be defi...

Types of database

Topic Outline Types of Database Object-Oriented Database Centralized Database Decentralized Database Distributed Database Hierarchical Database Personal Database Cloud Database Multi-Dimensional Database Operational Database Relational Database 1:Object-Oriented Database Object-oriented database stores data in the form of objects. An object is an item that can contain data and functions. For example, an object employee may contain data about an employee such as Employee ID, Name, Address, Phone Number, etc. It may also contain functions to process the data such as printing the record of an employee, calculating salary, etc. Characteristics The object-oriented data model must be able to provide complex object representation. The object-oriented data model must be extensible. It means it provides support for defining new data types and methods. The object-oriented data model must support encapsulation or information hiding. The object-oriented data model must exhibit inheritance. In...

Threads in operating system

Topic Outline Threads Difference between thread and process Types of Threads Kernel Level Thread User Level Thread Multithreading Advantages Resource Sharing Responsiveness Utilization of Multiprocessor Architecture Multithreading Models Many to One Model One to One Model Many to Many Model Threads Thread is a basic unit of CPU utilization. Thread is also called a lightweight process. Thread is a process within a process but it does not have its own process control block. In a process, multiple threads are created. In a process, multiple threads allow multiple executions. The thread consists of the following things. Thread ID Register Program counter Stack Difference between threads and process. Threads Process In threads no system call is involved . In a process system call is involved . Thread is a lightweight process. The Process is heavyweight . If the th...

Display devices

Topic Outline Display devices Types Cathode Ray Tube Flat Panel Display Emissive Display LED OLED Gas Plasma Non-Emissive Display LCD A display device is an output device. It is used to represent information in the form of text, graphics, images, and video. The display for a desktop computer is a monitor. Mobile computers and devices integrate the display in the same physical case. Some displays have touch screens such as mobile phones and laptops etc. The output displayed by a display device is called soft copy. Display devices are available in different sizes. For example When we write any document on the computer, it is a soft copy of the document. When we get a print of this document, it is a hard copy of the document. Types Types of display devices are as follows. (1) Cathode Ray Tube A cathode-ray tube creates an image on the screen by using a beam of electrons. Cathode ray tube consists of one or more guns. These guns fire a beam of electrons inside the screen. The monitor...

Shortcut keys of computer

Important Shortcut keys of Computer Shortcut keys are an easier and quicker method of executing the commands in the computer system. When we work on the computer, different shortcut keys are used. Some important shortcut keys are as follow: Short cut keys Working Ctrl+ C Copy the select item Ctrl+ V Paste the item Ctrl+ X Cut the select item Ctrl+ Del Cut the select item Ctrl+ A Select all text Ctrl+ Home Go to beginning of the document Ctrl+ End Go to end of the document Ctrl +( left arrow) Move one word to the left at a time Ctrl +( right arrow) Move one word to the right at a time Ctrl +( Plus key) Adjusts width in window explorer Ctrl +( Minus key) Adjust width in window explorer Ctrl+ Alt+ Del Windows task manager Ctrl+ Ecs Bring up the start menu Ctrl+F4 Close window in progra...

History of Computer

Topic Outline History of computer Abacus John Napier's Bone Blaise Pascal Von Leibnitz Charles Xavier Joseph Charles Babbage Herman Hollerith Atanasoff George Boole Mark 1 Computer ENIAC EDVAC UNIVAC Commercial Computer History of computer Today those computers that we are used behind this many efforts of different peoples. An Abacus computing device was used for addition and subtraction. John Napier Bones created the slide rule to perform mathematical calculations. Blaise Pascal invented the mechanical machine for adding and subtracting. Von Leibnitz also invented the calculating machine that was used for division and multiplication. Charles Xavier invented the machine that could perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Charles Babbage invented a difference engine and an analytical engine. A brief history is available below👇. The computer was invented because 'necessity is the mother of invention'. A brief history behind the invention of the comp...

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