Transport Layer

 Topic Outline
    • Transport Layer
    • TCP
    • Function of TCP
    • UDP
    • Difference between TCP and UDP

Transport Layer

The Transport layer is essentially responsible for delivering data to the appropriate application on the host computer. It receives requests from the application layer protocols and passes them down to the internet network layer.

Two most commonly used transport layer protocols are the connection TCP and connection UDP.

TCP 

Transmission Control Protocol

  • End to End communication for user processes.
  • Processes can communicate in a simple stream of binary data.
  • Each byte of data will arrive in the order it was sent.
  • If some part of the data cannot be received this will be made explicit by an error being passed to the user code.

Functions of TCP


Shape 

(1) Data Transfer

TCP transfer a continuous stream of bytes. TCP itself decides how to segment the data and it may forward the data at its own convenience.

(2) Reliability

TCP assigns a sequence number to each byte transmitted and expects a positive acknowledgment from the receiving TCP. If the acknowledgment is not received within a timeout interval, the data is retransmitted.

(3) Flow Control

The receiving TCP when sending an acknowledgment back to the sender also indicates to the sender the number of bytes it can receive beyond the last received  TCP segment, without causing overrun and overflow in its internal buffers.

(4) Multiplexing
To allow for many processes within a single host to use TCP communication facilities simultaneously, the TCP provides a set of addresses or ports within each host.
UDP 
User Datagram Protocols

  • UDP is a connectionless service. 
  • A connectionless transport that does not guarantee either packet delivery or packets arrive in sequential order.
  • UDP is a simple Transport Layer
  • It adds only port addresses error control and length information to the data from the upper layer.
  • The packet produced by UDP is called a user datagram.

Brief description of its fields

(1) Source Port Address

It is the address of the application program that creates a message.

(2) Destination Port Address
It is the address of the application program that receives the message.
(3) Total Length

It defines the total length of the user datagram in bytes.

(4) Checksum
It is a 16-bit field that is used in error detection.

Difference between TCP and UDP


TCP 

UDP 

Reliable 

Unreliable 

Connection-oriented 

Connectionless 

Segment sequencing 

No sequencing 

Acknowledge segments 

No Acknowledgement 



Click this link to see the Application Protocol   Application protocol


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