Application Protocol

 Topic outline 

  • Application Protocol
  • DHCP
  • DNS
  • SMTP
  • FTP
  • HTTP
  • Telnet
  • SNMP

Application Layer Protocol

It provides services directly to user applications. The application layer enables the user to access the network. It provides a user interface and support for services such as file access and transfer, email, and other types of distributed information services. 

Many Protocols are defined at this layer such as HTTP, SMTP, FTP, DHCP, DNS, Telnet, etc.

(1) DHCP
           A dynamic Host Configuration protocol

DHCP is used to allocate and manage TCP/IP configurations of clients nodes. DHCP is the most used method of the dynamic IP address. Every device connecting to the internet requires a unique IP. DHCP servers maintain a list of currently assigned IP addresses. A client can be assigned any IP address from the assignable list.

It assigns an IP address in three ways:

    • Automatic Allocation

             In automatic allocation, the host wants the same address each time because

             other hosts may have saved its internal address. 

    • Dynamic Allocation

             In dynamic allocation, an IP address is automatically assigned to a client in TCP/IP 

             network.

    • Manual Allocation

             The network administrator assigns an address to a specific host or node.

(2) DNS
           Domain Name System

DNS is used to translate the hostname into an IP address. An IP address is difficult to remember for the user so, DNS helps resolve this issue by converting the website domain names into numerical IP addresses. Domain names are alphabetic and are an easier way to remember. DNS must be updated periodically to include new domain names.

Example:

The domain name www.google.com might be translated into 8.8.4.4.

(3) SMTP
           Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

It is designed for exchanging mail electronically. The most popular network service is electronic mail. We send messages to other users based on email addresses. It provides the facilities mail exchange between users on the same computer or a different computer.

    • In SMTP we send a message to one or more recipients.
    • In SMTP we send messages that include voice, video, text, etc.

(4) FTP
           File Transfer Protocol

File transfer protocol is used over the internet. We transfer files between computers through the internet. We can see copy, download, and upload files that they have placed on the File Transfer Protocol server. FTP allows users to access, retrieve and manage files on the remote computer. FTP uses two TCP ports.

    • Control Connection (21 Port)

                  It is used to transfer control information such as a password. It remains  

                 connected during the FTP session.

    • Data Connection (20 Port)

                  It is used to transfer the actual file. It is open and then close for each file transfer.

(5) HTTP
            HyperText Transfer Protocol

It is designed for communication between client and server. HTTP is one of the most used protocols that is used to transfer data across the world wide web. HTTP works on the client-server model. Data or information such as text, audio, video, graphics, images, and other files are shared over the world wide web using HTTP. HTTP requires a client program at one end and an HTTP server at the other end.

Example:

A web browser such as Google chrome act as a client and the application on a hosting computer act as a server.

(6) Telnet

        It enables the user to communicate with remote devices. Telnet is inbuilt in windows but is turned off, If we want to use this, it must be turned on first. Telnet allows a user to log in to a remote computer and use it as if he is connected to the computer directly.

(7) SNMP
            Simple Network Management Protocol

It is used to manage nodes such as servers, switches, routers, etc, on an IP network. It enables network admins to monitor network performance, identify network issues and troubleshoot them.

If you want to see Network protocol, click here Network Protocol



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