Database Approach

 Topic Outline

  • Database Approach
  • Advantages 
    • Redundancy Control
    • Consistency Constraints
    • Data Atomicity
    • Reduced Development Time
    • Easier Reporting
    • Data Independence
    • Compactness
    • Data sharing
    • Improved backup and recovery
    • Data security
  • Disadvantages
    • Higher Hardware Cost
    • Higher Programming Cost
    • High Cost of DBMS
    • Chance of Failure
    • Complexity and Performance

Database Approach

It provides the facility for data sharing. Users can share the same data in the database. The user can interact with the Database management system with help of the front end. The front end is a program that user-friendly interface than a Database management system. So in this case Database management system work as the back end.

Example:

Database that store the data of students can also be used by library management program.

Advantages of Database Approach

(1) Redundancy Control

Redundancy control means the same data is not duplicated in the same files. The data of students in the university database is stored in only one table. We use this table to access information for different purposes.

Example

If we store the grade of students in a table, only the Registration no of students will be used. The second table will be connected to the student table for retrieving the information.

Student Table

Sr no 

Name 

Address 

Phone no 

1 

Ali 

Lahore 

345687 

2 

Abdullah 

Sargodha 

125487 

Grade Table

Sr no 

Subject 

Grade 

1 

Computer 

A 

1 

Math 

A+ 

2 

Computer 

B 

2 

Math 

A 

  

(2) Consistency Constraints

Constraints mean rules that must be followed to enter the data. Data can not be entered into the database if it does not fulfill these rules. In an ordinary file system, it is difficult to apply such constraints.

Example

The balance of the bank account does not fall under a prescribed amount.

(3) Data Atomicity

All steps that are necessary to complete a process is known as a transaction. Data atomicity means one transaction should take place as a whole or not. If you want to transfer the amount from account A to B. it consists of two steps.

  • Deduct the amount from account A.
  • Add the money to account B.

(4) Reduced Development Time

The database organizes data more efficiently than a file processing system. Many DBMS provide tools to assist in program development. It reduces the time for developing applications.

(5) Easier Reporting

It is a major part of database application. Reports are used in taking an important decision in an organization. Data can easily be retrieved from the database for creating different reports. Reports can be prepared easily and quickly in DBMS.

(6) Data Independence

It provides the facility of data independence. Data independence means data and application programs are separate from each other. There is a possibility to change data storage structures without changing the application program.

(7) Compactness

DBMS stores data with efficiency and compactness. DBMS requires less storage space than the file system. 

(8) Data Sharing

The database can be used by users in an organization. If the new application requires the same data, it can share the existing database.

(9) Improved Backup and Recovery

It is the responsibility of the user to protect data from failure in the file processing system. If data is lost backup is restored. Database management provides the facility to minimize the amount of processing that can be lost due to a failure.

(10) Data Security

It is the protection of data from unauthorized access. DBMS provides different procedures to maintain data security. Security is maintained by using passwords. DBMS provides different levels of security options for users.

Disadvantages of Database Approach 


(1) Higher Hardware Cost

DBMS are complicated and heavy software. Additional memory and power may be required to run a database management system. 

(2) Higher Programming Cost

Programmers need knowledge of the system to use it for to best benefit. If an organization hires well-experienced database programmers, it has to pay extra costs.

(3) High Cost of DBMS

DBMS is very large and sophisticated software. To purchase a database management system is very expensive.

(4) Chance of Failure

In DBMS all resources and components are centralized. If any resources and components are fails, the whole system fails.

(5) Complexity and Performance

The database management system has to perform tasks that make them complex and complicated. DBMS is general-purpose software.


 


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