Information system development

 Topic Outline 

a. System
b. Elements of system
c. Information system
d. Role of information system
e. Information system resources

a. System

Definition

It is a set of components that interact with one another to get a goal. Every person interacts with many systems in daily tasks.

Example

(1) Payroll System

It is used to manage the salaries of employees of any organization.

(2) Inventory System

It is used to manage items in the stock.

(3) Billing System

It is used by an organization to receive payment from customers.

(4) Examination System

It is used to check the performance of every student.

 Hence, these systems also are information systems.

b. Elements of System

Every system has three fundamental interacting components.

(1) Input

It involves the gathering of raw data. Raw data consist of facts and figures. Input is entered using different devices such as a mouse, keyboard and scanner, etc.

(2) Processing

It converts the raw data into meaningful information. Information is an organized form of data.

(3) Output

Output is useful information in the form of documents, graphs, and reports.


Shape 


c. Information System

Definition

It is a collection of software, hardware, people, data, and procedures that work together to generate information. The system can stores, retrieve, and distribute information in any organization, where it is needed.

Procedure

It is a set of instructions followed by the user to complete a task.

For example

A college procedure may require a student to fill out an admission form before getting admission to this college.

Advantages

  • System helps organizations learn about purchase patterns.
  • System distribute information to the management of any organization for important decision-making.
  • System can perform faster and quick calculations.

Disadvantages

  • Systems are used in daily life and all organizations depend on them.

d. Role of Information System

(1) Support Decision Making

Information system helps any organization to make a better decision.

(2) Support Business Processes

It supports different operations and processes in any business. For example, Medical stores use computer-based information systems. The system provides different facilities such as recording customers' purchases, managing the inventory and evaluating sales trends, etc.

(3) Support Competitive Advantage

It helps the decision-makers to gain an advantage over competitors.

e. Information System Resources

Information systems consist of major resources that are as follows:


Shape 


(1) Hardware Resources

It includes all physical devices used to process the information in an information system. Hardware resources include media and machines.

  • Media

It includes all tangible objects on which data are recorded.

  • Machines

Physical devices such as peripherals, computers, etc.

(2) Software Resources

It includes all sets of instructions used for information processing. Software resources include programs and procedures.

  • Program

It is a set of instructions given to a computer to perform a specific task. System software and application software are used by an information system.

  • Procedure

It is a set of operating instructions for the people who will use the information system.

(3) People Resources

For Perform the operation of all information systems people are required. People resources include information system specialists and end-users.

  • Information System Specialists

The people who develop and operate information systems are called information system specialists. They include software developers, system analysts, and system operators.

    • Software Developers

                  Specialists who create computer programs.

    • System Analysts

                 Specialists who design information systems.

    • System Operators

                 Specialists who monitor and operate large computer systems and networks.

(4) Network Resources

Networks such as the internet, intranets, and extranets have become necessary for the successful operations of computer-based information systems. Network resources include network support and communication media.

  • Network Support

It includes the people, software, hardware, and data resources that support the operation and use of the communication network.

  • Communication Media

It is used to transfer data from one place to another place. Media include coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair cable, etc.


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